Mastering school rules: Strategies to create a positive classroom environment

Why do schools have rules?

School rules are essential for creating a structured and safe learning environment. According to Sue Cowley (2014), rules help set clear expectations for behaviour fostering a positive school culture. Schools use rules to guide student behaviour, promote respect among pupils and staff, and create a conducive atmosphere for learning. The Education Endowment Foundation (EEF) also emphasises that well-implemented rules can significantly enhance academic outcomes (EEF, 2019).

Using rewards and sanctions

Rewards are positive reinforcements used to encourage and recognise good behaviour in the classroom. Examples of rewards include verbal praise, stickers, certificates or extra playtime. Using rewards motivates students to maintain and repeat positive behaviour, fostering a positive classroom atmosphere. However, over-reliance on rewards can lead to students expecting a prize for every good action, potentially diminishing intrinsic motivation. Rewards are best used to reinforce and encourage specific positive behaviours, particularly when establishing new routines or expectations.

Sanctions are consequences used to discourage undesirable behaviour. These can include the loss of privileges, detention or additional tasks. Sanctions create clear boundaries and consequences for inappropriate actions and help maintain order in the classroom. However, excessive or inconsistent use of sanctions can lead to a negative classroom environment and may not address the underlying causes of the behaviour. Sanctions are most effective when used sparingly and consistently when a clear deterrent is needed to prevent disruptive or harmful behaviour.

How to get student ‘buy-in’ for school rules

Securing student 'buy-in' for school rules is crucial. When students understand and agree with the rules, they are more likely to follow them, resulting in fewer disruptions. Engaging students in the rule-making process enhances their sense of ownership and responsibility, promoting a positive school culture. By involving students and ensuring they comprehend the purpose of the rules, teachers can foster a cooperative and respectful classroom atmosphere, leading to better academic and social outcomes.

Five steps to getting students on board with school rules:

1. Involve students in rule-making. Hold a discussion where students can share their ideas and opinions on what rules should be in place. This collaborative approach helps students feel a sense of ownership and responsibility towards the rules they help create.
2. Explain the purpose of rules. When students understand the rationale behind rules, they are more likely to adhere to them. Explain how rules contribute to a safe and productive learning environment and how they benefit everyone in the classroom.
3. Use positive reinforcement. Implement a system of rewards that recognises and celebrates students who consistently follow the rules. Positive reinforcement, such as praise, certificates or small rewards, can motivate students to comply with the rules and encourage others to do the same.
4. Model the expected behaviours. Consistently demonstrating respect, punctuality, and adherence to the rules sets a positive example for students to follow. When students see their teachers embodying the rules they are more likely to emulate them.
5. Create a supportive environment. Encourage open communication and provide opportunities for students to discuss any challenges they face in following the rules. Address concerns empathetically and work together to find solutions, reinforcing the idea that the rules are in place to support their growth and well-being.

Examples of effective school rules

Here are some examples of effective school rules:

• Respect everyone in the classroom.
• Listen when someone is speaking.
• Follow instructions the first time they are given.
• Keep hands and feet to yourself.
• Arrive on time and be prepared for lessons.
• Use appropriate language at all times.
• Complete homework and assignments on time.
• Take care of school property and personal belongings.
• Stay within designated areas during breaks.
• Encourage and support your classmates.

Being consistent with school rules in the classroom

Consistency in enforcing school rules is crucial for maintaining order and respect. According to the EEF (2019), consistency helps students understand the boundaries and consequences of their actions. Here are some ideas and tips to promote positive behaviour by consistently applying school rules, tailored for different age groups and key stages, both in and outside the classroom.

General tips for all age groups

• Clearly display the rules. Ensure that the rules are prominently displayed in the classroom so that all students can see them. Use posters, visual aids or digital displays to make the rules accessible and engaging.
• Daily reinforcement. Begin each day with a brief review of the rules. This can be part of the morning routine or registration. Reinforce the importance of the rules through regular reminders and discussions.
• Fair and consistent application. Apply rewards and sanctions fairly and consistently. Avoid favouritism and ensure that all students are held to the same standard. Use a behaviour-tracking system to monitor and record incidents.
• Modelling behaviour. Teachers should model the behaviour they expect from students. Consistently demonstrating respect, punctuality and adherence to rules sets a positive example.

Key stage 1

• Visual ads and stories. Use visual aids, stories and role-playing to teach and reinforce rules. Young children respond well to visual cues and engaging narratives.
• Positive reinforcement. Implement a reward system with stickers, certificates or extra playtime. Recognise and celebrate positive behaviour frequently to encourage repetition.
• Clear and simple language. Use clear and simple language to explain the rules. Ensure that the wording is age-appropriate and easy for young children to understand.

Key stage 2

• Class discussions and involvement. Involve students in discussions about the importance of rules. Encourage them to share their views and suggest ways to improve behaviour.
• Consistent routines. Establish consistent routines for transitions between activities, lining up and moving around the school. Consistent routines help students understand expectations and reduce behavioural issues.
• Interactive reminders. Use interactive methods, such as quizzes or games, to reinforce the rules. This makes learning about behaviour management more engaging and memorable.

Key stage 3

• Student contracts. Have students sign behaviour contracts at the beginning of the school year. These contracts outline expectations and consequences, fostering a sense of responsibility.
• Peer mentoring. Implement a peer mentoring system where older students support younger ones in adhering to school rules. Peer influence can be a powerful motivator for positive behaviour.
• Regular feedback. Provide regular feedback on behaviour, both positive and corrective. Use one-on-one meetings to discuss individual progress and set goals for improvement.

Key stage 4

• Responsibility and leadership. Encourage students to take on leadership roles, such as prefects or class representatives. Leadership roles help students understand the importance of rules and model positive behaviour.
• Real-world connections. Connect the importance of school rules to real-world scenarios. Discuss how adhering to rules in school prepares them for future responsibilities in the workplace and society.
• Behaviour reflection. Implement behaviour reflection activities where students analyse their actions and think about how they can improve. This encourages self-awareness and personal growth.

Outside the classroom

• Consistent supervision. Ensure consistent supervision during break times, lunch periods and school events. Teachers and staff should be visible and approachable, reinforcing the rules and addressing issues promptly.
• Whole-school approach. Promote a whole-school approach to behaviour management, where all staff members are aligned in their expectations and enforcement of rules. Regular staff meetings help maintain consistency.
• Parental involvement. Engage parents in the behaviour management process. Communicate the school rules clearly to parents and encourage them to reinforce these expectations at home.

References and further reading

• Cowley, S. (2014). Getting the Buggers to Behave. London: Bloomsbury Education.
• Education Endowment Foundation. (2019). Improving behaviour in schools. Available at: EEF Report
• Marzano, R.J. (2017). The New Art and Science of Teaching. Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree Press.
• Sage Publications. (2018). The impact of school rules on student behaviour. Available at: SAGE Journal